The primary objectives for the Apollo 7 engineering test flight were simple: Demonstrate command and service module, or CSM, and crew performance demonstrate crew, space vehicle and mission support facilities performance during a crewed CSM mission and demonstrate CSM rendezvous capability. Known as AS-502, or Apollo 6, the flight was a success, though two first-stage engines shut down prematurely, and the third-stage engine failed to reignite after reaching orbit. The second launch of a Saturn V took place on schedule in the early morning of April 4, 1968. No missions or flights were ever designated Apollo 2 or 3. The eventual launch of AS-204 became known as the Apollo 5 mission. Mueller, announced that the mission originally scheduled for Grissom, White and Chaffee would be known as Apollo 1, and said that the first Saturn V launch, scheduled for November 1967, would be known as Apollo 4. In the spring of 1967, NASA's Associate Administrator for Manned Space Flight, Dr. AS-203 carried only the aerodynamic nose cone. The missions of AS-201 and AS-202 with Apollo spacecraft aboard had been unofficially known as Apollo 1 and Apollo 2 missions. Saturn IB schedules were suspended for nearly a year, and the launch vehicle that finally bore the designation AS-204 carried a lunar module, or LM, as the payload, instead of a CM. The exhaustive investigation of the fire and extensive reworking of the Apollo command modules postponed crewed launches until NASA officials cleared them for flight. Astronauts Virgil Grissom, Edward White and Roger Chaffee lost their lives when a fire swept through the command module, or CM. The mission was to be the first crewed flight of Apollo, and was scheduled to launch Feb. 27, 1967, tragedy struck on the launch pad at Cape Kennedy during a preflight test for Apollo 204 (AS-204).
The boosters for the program were the Saturn IB for Earth orbit flights and the Saturn V for lunar flights.Īpollo was a three-part spacecraft: the command module (CM), the crew's quarters and flight control section the service module (SM) for the propulsion and spacecraft support systems (when together, the two modules are called CSM) and the lunar module (LM), to take two of the crew to the lunar surface, support them on the Moon, and return them to the CSM in lunar orbit. The flight mode, lunar orbit rendezvous, was selected in 1962. Developing man's capability to work in the lunar environment.Carrying out a program of scientific exploration of the Moon.Achieving preeminence in space for the United States.Establishing the technology to meet other national interests in space.Project Apollo's goals went beyond landing Americans on the moon and returning them safely to Earth. The national effort that enabled Astronaut Neil Armstrong to speak those words as he stepped onto the lunar surface fulfilled a dream as old as humanity. They collected moon rocks to bring back to Earth. The astronauts conducted scientific research there. The last moon landing was in 1972.Ī total of 12 astronauts walked on the moon. The first moon landing took place in 1969. The first Apollo flight happened in 1968. Six of the other seven flights landed on the moon. The first four flights tested the equipment used in the Apollo Program. Apollo was the NASA program that resulted in American astronauts' making a total of 11 spaceflights and walking on the moon.
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